Thursday Afternoon Pairs Thursday Aft Session February 20, 2020
Scores after 11 rounds  Average:   55.0      Section  A
Pair    Pct   Score    Sectn Rank    MPs
                         A     B
 12   65.91   72.50  A   1          1.20(A)  Dorothy McCormick - Alfred Crump
 10   55.91   61.50  B   2     1    0.84(A)  Raquel Yiengst - Doug Chaney
  4   55.45   61.00  A   3          0.60(A)  Suzy Crump - Travis Crump
  8   55.00   60.50  B   4     2    0.42(A)  Lee Baker - Edward Katz
 11   51.82   57.00  A   5          0.24(A)  Lissy Stauffer - Eugene O'Brien
  7   48.64   53.50  A                       Jack Berry - Anthony La Paro
  3   48.18   53.00  A                       Janice Repko - Carl Ziegler
  9   48.18   53.00  B                       Jack Gechter - Philip Presby
  2   47.27   52.00  A                       Jana Estep - Sue Wessner
  6   46.82   51.50  B                       Elizabeth Kunkleman - Lester Wentz
  5   41.36   45.50  B                       Heather Bittenbender - W Eckton
  1   35.45   39.00  A                       Maxine Hornberger - Norman Wenger
Board 1
North Deals
None Vul
♠10
♥A J 7 6 2
♦9 7 2
♣A Q 9 6
♠A J 9 6 2
♥Q 10 8
♦A 4 3
♣7 3
N
WE
S
♠K Q 8 7 5 4 3
♥K 4
♦K 10 8
♣8
♠—
♥9 5 3
♦Q J 6 5
♣K J 10 5 4 2

EW 5♠; NS 3♥; NS 3♣; NS 1♦; Par −450

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
4 ♠E44205.000.0012-McCormick-Crump1-Hornberger-Wenger
4 ♠E54502.003.003-Repko-Ziegler4-Crump-Crump
5 ♠E54502.003.005-Bittenbender-Eckton8-Baker-Katz
5 ♠E54502.003.006-Kunkleman-Wentz10-Yiengst-Chaney
4 ♠E54502.003.007-Berry-La Paro2-Estep-Wessner
5 ♠E54502.003.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien9-Gechter-Presby
Board 2
East Deals
N-S Vul
♠5
♥10 3
♦K Q 9 2
♣K 9 8 6 4 3
♠6 4
♥A Q 5
♦A J 7 5 4 3
♣J 5
N
WE
S
♠A K Q 3 2
♥4 2
♦10 8 6
♣Q 7 2
♠J 10 9 8 7
♥K J 9 8 7 6
♦—
♣A 10

EW 1N; EW 2♦; EW 1♠; NS 1♥; NS 1♣; Par −90

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
4 ♠×E−35005.000.0012-McCormick-Crump1-Hornberger-Wenger
3 ♦×E−11004.001.007-Berry-La Paro2-Estep-Wessner
3 ♦W−1502.502.503-Repko-Ziegler4-Crump-Crump
4 ♦W−1502.502.506-Kunkleman-Wentz10-Yiengst-Chaney
2 ♠S−33000.504.505-Bittenbender-Eckton8-Baker-Katz
5 ♣N−33000.504.5011-Stauffer-O'Brien9-Gechter-Presby
Board 3
South Deals
E-W Vul
♠4 3
♥Q J 10 9 8 6
♦J 7 3
♣7 6
♠K Q J 2
♥7 3 2
♦Q 8 5
♣A J 9
N
WE
S
♠10 9 6 5
♥5
♦A 10 9 4
♣Q 10 4 2
♠A 8 7
♥A K 4
♦K 6 2
♣K 8 5 3

EW 4♠; NS 2♥; EW 3♦; NS 1N; EW 2♣; Par −500: NS 4N×−3; NS 5♥×−3

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 ♥S31405.000.007-Berry-La Paro11-Stauffer-O'Brien
2 ♥S21102.502.501-Hornberger-Wenger10-Yiengst-Chaney
2 ♥S21102.502.504-Crump-Crump5-Bittenbender-Eckton
2 ♥S21102.502.508-Baker-Katz3-Repko-Ziegler
2 ♥S21102.502.5012-McCormick-Crump2-Estep-Wessner
4 ♥S−21000.005.006-Kunkleman-Wentz9-Gechter-Presby
Board 4
West Deals
Both Vul
♠9 5 3
♥A J 8 7
♦A Q 9 5
♣6 4
♠10 8 6
♥K Q 10 2
♦3 2
♣K Q 3 2
N
WE
S
♠A 7 4
♥9 6 4 3
♦K 10 6 4
♣10 8
♠K Q J 2
♥5
♦J 8 7
♣A J 9 7 5

NS 2N; NS 2♠; NS 2♦; NS 2♣; EW 1♥; Par +120

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
1 NTN31505.000.004-Crump-Crump5-Bittenbender-Eckton
1 NTN21202.502.506-Kunkleman-Wentz9-Gechter-Presby
2 NTN21202.502.507-Berry-La Paro11-Stauffer-O'Brien
2 NTN21202.502.508-Baker-Katz3-Repko-Ziegler
2 NTS21202.502.5012-McCormick-Crump2-Estep-Wessner
2 ♠S−11000.005.001-Hornberger-Wenger10-Yiengst-Chaney
Board 5
North Deals
N-S Vul
♠8 3
♥Q J 7
♦9 4 3
♣A K 10 6 4
♠J 10 7 2
♥A K 4
♦K 2
♣Q 9 8 7
N
WE
S
♠K 9 6 5
♥8 6 5 2
♦A Q 6 5
♣5
♠A Q 4
♥10 9 3
♦J 10 8 7
♣J 3 2

EW 3♠; EW 2♥; EW 1N; EW 1♦; NS 1♣; Par −140

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 ♠E21103.501.505-Bittenbender-Eckton6-Kunkleman-Wentz
2 ♥E21103.501.508-Baker-Katz1-Hornberger-Wenger
2 ♥E21103.501.509-Gechter-Presby4-Crump-Crump
2 ♠W21103.501.5012-McCormick-Crump3-Repko-Ziegler
1 ♥E31400.504.502-Estep-Wessner11-Stauffer-O'Brien
2 ♠W31400.504.507-Berry-La Paro10-Yiengst-Chaney
Board 6
East Deals
E-W Vul
♠J 5 4
♥A
♦A K J 7 6 3 2
♣Q 3
♠K 10 8 7
♥Q 10 5
♦8 5 4
♣J 9 4
N
WE
S
♠A Q 6 2
♥6 4 3
♦Q 9
♣A 10 7 6
♠9 3
♥K J 9 8 7 2
♦10
♣K 8 5 2

NS 2N; NS 2♥; NS 3♦; EW 1♠; N 1♣; Par +120

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 ♥S31404.500.508-Baker-Katz1-Hornberger-Wenger
3 ♥S31404.500.5012-McCormick-Crump3-Repko-Ziegler
3 ♦N41302.003.002-Estep-Wessner11-Stauffer-O'Brien
3 ♦N41302.003.005-Bittenbender-Eckton6-Kunkleman-Wentz
3 ♦N41302.003.009-Gechter-Presby4-Crump-Crump
3 ♦N31100.005.007-Berry-La Paro10-Yiengst-Chaney
Board 7
South Deals
Both Vul
♠K J 5
♥K
♦Q 9 8 7 5 4 3
♣8 7
♠A 9 7 6 3
♥J 9 8 7 6 2
♦—
♣J 5
N
WE
S
♠10 8 4
♥10 3
♦A 2
♣K 10 6 4 3 2
♠Q 2
♥A Q 5 4
♦K J 10 6
♣A Q 9

NS 5N; NS 5♦; NS 1♥; NS 1♣; Par +660

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 NTS56604.500.506-Kunkleman-Wentz7-Berry-La Paro
3 NTS56604.500.5012-McCormick-Crump4-Crump-Crump
5 ♦S56002.003.003-Repko-Ziegler1-Hornberger-Wenger
5 ♦S56002.003.009-Gechter-Presby2-Estep-Wessner
5 ♦N56002.003.0010-Yiengst-Chaney5-Bittenbender-Eckton
4 ♦S51500.005.008-Baker-Katz11-Stauffer-O'Brien
Board 8
West Deals
None Vul
♠J 7 6
♥Q J 9
♦J 9 8 2
♣J 10 2
♠Q 4
♥10 8 7 5 3 2
♦A 6
♣A 4 3
N
WE
S
♠A 9 8 3
♥A K 6 4
♦Q 10 5
♣8 5
♠K 10 5 2
♥—
♦K 7 4 3
♣K Q 9 7 6

EW 4♥; EW 3N; S 2♦; NS 2♣; EW 1♠; N 1♦; Par −420

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 ♥W31405.000.0012-McCormick-Crump4-Crump-Crump
2 ♥W41703.501.508-Baker-Katz11-Stauffer-O'Brien
3 ♥W41703.501.5010-Yiengst-Chaney5-Bittenbender-Eckton
4 ♥W44202.003.009-Gechter-Presby2-Estep-Wessner
4 ♥W54501.004.006-Kunkleman-Wentz7-Berry-La Paro
5 ♣×N−35000.005.003-Repko-Ziegler1-Hornberger-Wenger
Board 9
North Deals
E-W Vul
♠A K J 5 2
♥A
♦A 8
♣Q 7 6 4 2
♠6
♥Q J 10 7 6 4 3
♦Q 6 4 2
♣9
N
WE
S
♠Q 10 9 7 4
♥K 9 5 2
♦J 7
♣A 3
♠8 3
♥8
♦K 10 9 5 3
♣K J 10 8 5

NS 6♣; EW 3♥; NS 4♦; NS 2♠; Par +800: EW 6♥×−3

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
6 ♣N69205.000.004-Crump-Crump2-Estep-Wessner
5 ♣N64203.501.5010-Yiengst-Chaney3-Repko-Ziegler
5 ♣N64203.501.5011-Stauffer-O'Brien6-Kunkleman-Wentz
5 ♣N54002.003.007-Berry-La Paro8-Baker-Katz
1 ♠N21101.004.009-Gechter-Presby1-Hornberger-Wenger
5 ♠×N−35000.005.0012-McCormick-Crump5-Bittenbender-Eckton
Board 10
East Deals
Both Vul
♠6 4 3
♥A K Q
♦10 6
♣K Q 9 8 5
♠K 8 7 2
♥9 8 7 5
♦J 9 3
♣6 4
N
WE
S
♠A 5
♥10 6 4 2
♦K 8 7 5
♣A 7 2
♠Q J 10 9
♥J 3
♦A Q 4 2
♣J 10 3

NS 3N; NS 3♠; NS 3♣; NS 2♦; EW 1♥; Par +600

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 NTN46305.000.0012-McCormick-Crump5-Bittenbender-Eckton
3 NTN36004.001.004-Crump-Crump2-Estep-Wessner
1 NTS41803.002.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien6-Kunkleman-Wentz
2 ♣N31101.503.507-Berry-La Paro8-Baker-Katz
2 ♣N31101.503.509-Gechter-Presby1-Hornberger-Wenger
3 ♥E−11000.005.0010-Yiengst-Chaney3-Repko-Ziegler
Board 11
South Deals
None Vul
♠8
♥9 8 7 6 4
♦6 5
♣10 7 4 3 2
♠A K 7 4 2
♥A 3
♦10
♣Q 9 8 6 5
N
WE
S
♠Q 5 3
♥Q 5 2
♦A K J 8 7 3 2
♣—
♠J 10 9 6
♥K J 10
♦Q 9 4
♣A K J

EW 5♠; E 4N; W 3N; EW 5♦; E 1♥; EW 1♣; Par −450

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♠×W−23005.000.008-Baker-Katz9-Gechter-Presby
5 ♠×W−11003.501.5010-Yiengst-Chaney2-Estep-Wessner
5 ♦×E−11003.501.5012-McCormick-Crump6-Kunkleman-Wentz
4 ♠W−1502.003.001-Hornberger-Wenger7-Berry-La Paro
2 ♠W21101.004.005-Bittenbender-Eckton3-Repko-Ziegler
4 ♠W44200.005.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien4-Crump-Crump
Board 12
West Deals
N-S Vul
♠K
♥A Q 10 8 7 2
♦5 4
♣K 7 6 3
♠9 7 6 3
♥K J 9 4
♦J 3
♣J 10 4
N
WE
S
♠A Q 5 4 2
♥6 5
♦Q 8 6
♣A Q 5
♠J 10 8
♥3
♦A K 10 9 7 2
♣9 8 2

N 2♥; NS 2♦; NS 2♣; EW 1♠; S 1♥; Par +100: EW 2♠×−1

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♠E−31505.000.0012-McCormick-Crump6-Kunkleman-Wentz
1 ♠E−1503.501.508-Baker-Katz9-Gechter-Presby
2 ♠E−1503.501.5010-Yiengst-Chaney2-Estep-Wessner
3 ♥N−11001.503.501-Hornberger-Wenger7-Berry-La Paro
3 ♥N−11001.503.505-Bittenbender-Eckton3-Repko-Ziegler
2 ♠E21100.005.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien4-Crump-Crump
Board 13
North Deals
Both Vul
♠K 8 7
♥9 8 4
♦A K 10 9 3
♣K 9
♠2
♥A Q J 10 7
♦J 6 5 4 2
♣10 7
N
WE
S
♠A Q J 3
♥6 3
♦8
♣J 8 6 5 4 2
♠10 9 6 5 4
♥K 5 2
♦Q 7
♣A Q 3

S 2N; EW 3♣; S 1♠; EW 1♥; NS 1♦; Par −110

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 NTS31505.000.006-Kunkleman-Wentz4-Crump-Crump
2 ♠S21104.001.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien3-Repko-Ziegler
3 ♥W−11003.002.001-Hornberger-Wenger5-Bittenbender-Eckton
1 NTN1902.003.009-Gechter-Presby10-Yiengst-Chaney
2 ♠S−11001.004.002-Estep-Wessner8-Baker-Katz
3 ♠S−33000.005.0012-McCormick-Crump7-Berry-La Paro
Board 14
East Deals
None Vul
♠Q 10 8 2
♥10 8 7
♦10 5
♣K 9 4 3
♠6 5 3
♥A J 6 4
♦A J
♣J 8 7 2
N
WE
S
♠A J 9
♥Q 9
♦K Q 8 6 4 3 2
♣5
♠K 7 4
♥K 5 3 2
♦9 7
♣A Q 10 6

EW 3N; EW 5♦; EW 2♥; EW 1♠; Par −400

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♦E51503.002.001-Hornberger-Wenger5-Bittenbender-Eckton
2 ♦E51503.002.002-Estep-Wessner8-Baker-Katz
2 ♦E51503.002.006-Kunkleman-Wentz4-Crump-Crump
4 ♦E51503.002.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien3-Repko-Ziegler
2 NTE31503.002.0012-McCormick-Crump7-Berry-La Paro
5 ♦×E55500.005.009-Gechter-Presby10-Yiengst-Chaney
Board 15
South Deals
N-S Vul
♠10 7 4
♥K 8 7 6 3
♦2
♣K 9 7 3
♠A K Q 6
♥Q 9 4
♦5 4 3
♣A J 10
N
WE
S
♠9 5 2
♥A 10 2
♦A J 6
♣Q 8 6 5
♠J 8 3
♥J 5
♦K Q 10 9 8 7
♣4 2

EW 4N; EW 4♠; EW 3♥; EW 4♣; EW 1♦; Par −430

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
4 ♠W−31505.000.003-Repko-Ziegler9-Gechter-Presby
3 NTW34004.001.001-Hornberger-Wenger4-Crump-Crump
3 NTW44302.003.002-Estep-Wessner6-Kunkleman-Wentz
3 NTW44302.003.007-Berry-La Paro5-Bittenbender-Eckton
3 NTW44302.003.0012-McCormick-Crump8-Baker-Katz
3 NTW54600.005.0010-Yiengst-Chaney11-Stauffer-O'Brien
Board 16
West Deals
E-W Vul
♠K Q 4 3 2
♥4
♦9 7 5 4 2
♣Q 10
♠J 9 7
♥K 8 7 5 2
♦A
♣A J 9 5
N
WE
S
♠A 10 8 6 5
♥A Q 6
♦J 10 6 3
♣2
♠—
♥J 10 9 3
♦K Q 8
♣K 8 7 6 4 3

EW 4♠; EW 4♥; EW 3N; EW 1♦; Par −620

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
4 ♥W−11004.500.5010-Yiengst-Chaney11-Stauffer-O'Brien
4 ♥W−11004.500.5012-McCormick-Crump8-Baker-Katz
3 ♥W31403.002.002-Estep-Wessner6-Kunkleman-Wentz
3 ♥W52002.003.003-Repko-Ziegler9-Gechter-Presby
4 ♥W46200.504.501-Hornberger-Wenger4-Crump-Crump
4 ♥W46200.504.507-Berry-La Paro5-Bittenbender-Eckton
Board 17
North Deals
None Vul
♠J 6
♥K 6 5
♦A K 7 6
♣K J 8 7
♠Q 10 9 8 7 4 2
♥4 3 2
♦5 2
♣4
N
WE
S
♠A 5 3
♥J 7
♦Q 10 9 3
♣A 5 3 2
♠K
♥A Q 10 9 8
♦J 8 4
♣Q 10 9 6

EW 3♠; NS 4♣; NS 2♥; NS 1♦; Par +100: EW 4♠×−1

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
4 ♥N54504.001.003-Repko-Ziegler7-Berry-La Paro
4 ♥N54504.001.0011-Stauffer-O'Brien1-Hornberger-Wenger
4 ♥N54504.001.0012-McCormick-Crump9-Gechter-Presby
4 ♥N44202.003.004-Crump-Crump10-Yiengst-Chaney
4 ♠×W−23001.004.002-Estep-Wessner5-Bittenbender-Eckton
4 ♠×W−11000.005.008-Baker-Katz6-Kunkleman-Wentz
Board 18
East Deals
N-S Vul
♠Q 10
♥A Q 10
♦Q 9 8 7
♣A 9 8 2
♠8 6 2
♥K J 8 5 3
♦K
♣K J 10 5
N
WE
S
♠A K 9 5
♥9 7 2
♦A J 10 3 2
♣3
♠J 7 4 3
♥6 4
♦6 5 4
♣Q 7 6 4

W 4♥; E 3♥; W 2N; EW 2♠; E 1N; W 2♦; E 1♦; EW 1♣; Par −420

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 NTE−21004.500.504-Crump-Crump10-Yiengst-Chaney
3 NTE−21004.500.5011-Stauffer-O'Brien1-Hornberger-Wenger
1 NTW1903.002.002-Estep-Wessner5-Bittenbender-Eckton
2 ♥W21102.003.008-Baker-Katz6-Kunkleman-Wentz
2 NTW21201.004.003-Repko-Ziegler7-Berry-La Paro
3 NTW34000.005.0012-McCormick-Crump9-Gechter-Presby
Board 19
South Deals
E-W Vul
♠5 4
♥K Q 7 6 3
♦K Q J 5
♣9 4
♠Q 8 6
♥A 10 2
♦A
♣K Q J 10 8 6
N
WE
S
♠A 9
♥J 8 4
♦8 7 6 4 3 2
♣A 7
♠K J 10 7 3 2
♥9 5
♦10 9
♣5 3 2

EW 3N; EW 4♣; EW 2♠; EW 2♥; EW 3♦; Par −600

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♦E−22005.000.0012-McCormick-Crump10-Yiengst-Chaney
3 ♣W41303.002.003-Repko-Ziegler6-Kunkleman-Wentz
4 ♣W41303.002.005-Bittenbender-Eckton11-Stauffer-O'Brien
4 ♣W41303.002.009-Gechter-Presby7-Berry-La Paro
2 ♦N−42001.004.004-Crump-Crump8-Baker-Katz
2 NTW62400.005.001-Hornberger-Wenger2-Estep-Wessner
Board 20
West Deals
Both Vul
♠A 8 5
♥A 10 8 7 6 3
♦6 2
♣9 4
♠7 6 3
♥K 2
♦Q 10 7
♣A Q 10 8 5
N
WE
S
♠J 10 9 4
♥Q 9 4
♦A K J 9
♣K 6
♠K Q 2
♥J 5
♦8 5 4 3
♣J 7 3 2

EW 3N; EW 3♠; EW 3♦; EW 3♣; NS 1♥; Par −600

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
2 ♥N21105.000.003-Repko-Ziegler6-Kunkleman-Wentz
3 NTE−11004.001.004-Crump-Crump8-Baker-Katz
2 ♣W31103.002.0012-McCormick-Crump10-Yiengst-Chaney
2 NTE21201.503.505-Bittenbender-Eckton11-Stauffer-O'Brien
2 NTW21201.503.509-Gechter-Presby7-Berry-La Paro
3 NTE46300.005.001-Hornberger-Wenger2-Estep-Wessner
Board 21
North Deals
N-S Vul
♠A Q 9 2
♥9 5 3
♦8 7 5
♣6 4 2
♠6 4
♥A Q 6 2
♦K Q 6
♣J 10 9 8
N
WE
S
♠K 7 3
♥10 8
♦A J 10 9 3 2
♣7 3
♠J 10 8 5
♥K J 7 4
♦4
♣A K Q 5

EW 3N; EW 4♦; NS 2♠; NS 1♥; S 1♣; Par −400

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♠N−11004.001.002-Estep-Wessner3-Repko-Ziegler
3 ♠N−11004.001.004-Crump-Crump7-Berry-La Paro
3 ♠N−11004.001.0010-Yiengst-Chaney8-Baker-Katz
4 ♦E41301.503.506-Kunkleman-Wentz1-Hornberger-Wenger
4 ♦E41301.503.5012-McCormick-Crump11-Stauffer-O'Brien
4 ♠N−22000.005.005-Bittenbender-Eckton9-Gechter-Presby
Board 22
East Deals
E-W Vul
♠10 9 6 5 4
♥9 4 2
♦6
♣A Q J 4
♠8 7
♥A K 6
♦A K Q 5 4
♣K 10 8
N
WE
S
♠A Q J 3
♥Q 10
♦J 7 3
♣7 5 3 2
♠K 2
♥J 8 7 5 3
♦10 9 8 2
♣9 6

W 4N; E 3N; W 4♦; EW 2♠; EW 2♥; E 3♦; EW 2♣; Par −630

ContractScoreMatchpointsPairPair
   N-SE-WN-SE-WN-SE-W
3 ♦W41305.000.006-Kunkleman-Wentz1-Hornberger-Wenger
3 NTW36003.501.502-Estep-Wessner3-Repko-Ziegler
3 NTW36003.501.5012-McCormick-Crump11-Stauffer-O'Brien
3 NTW46301.004.004-Crump-Crump7-Berry-La Paro
3 NTW46301.004.005-Bittenbender-Eckton9-Gechter-Presby
3 NTW46301.004.0010-Yiengst-Chaney8-Baker-Katz